Current Research Focuses

  • Digital fabrication: planning, optimization, design
  • Liquid metals and its 3D printing

Selected Publications

(*: equal contribution; full list available on my Google Scholar)

  • Zefang Li, Jochen Mueller, “Print Path Planning and Nozzle Offset Design for Multimaterial Lattices,” Virtual and Physical Prototyping, accepted, 2026.

  • Zefang Li, Rohit Berlia, Timothy Weihs, Jochen Mueller, “Effect of Processing Parameters on Microstructure and Hardness in Metal Extrusion Additive Manufacturing of Thin-Walled 4043 Aluminum,” Proceedings of the ASME 2026 21st International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference (MSEC), accepted, 2026.

  • Zefang Li, Rohit Berlia, Colin Goodman, Mark Foster, Timothy Weihs, Jochen Mueller, “A Thermally Informed Framework for Stable Metal Extrusion Additive Manufacturing of Thin-Walled Aluminum Alloys,” Journal of Manufacturing Processes, Vol. 172, 2026. link

  • Zefang Li, Leshan Zhao, Christos Kakogiannis, Timothy Weihs, Jochen Mueller, “3D-Printable Oil-in-Liquid Metal Foam Emulsions,” Matter, 102420, 2025. link

  • Zefang Li, Ziying Xu, Sarah Propst, Zachariah A. Page, Yun Chen, Carmel Majidi, Jochen Mueller, “Ultrawide Property Range Thiol-Ene Photopolymers for 3D Printing,” Advanced Materials Technologies, e00422. link

  • Yiwen Song*, Zefang Li*, Mason Zadan, Jingxian Wang, Swarun Kumar, Carmel Majidi, “Frequency-Selective Actuation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators with Radiofrequency,” Nature Communications, 16, 7292. link

  • Zefang Li, Gina Olson, Dinesh K. Patel, Lining Yao, Carmel Majidi, “Electrically Controlled Liquid Crystal Elastomer Surfaces for Dynamic Wrinkling,” Advanced Intelligent Systems, 6 (2), 2200402. link

Selected Talks & Presentations

  • “Effect of Processing Parameters on Microstructure and Hardness in Metal Extrusion Additive Manufacturing of Thin-Walled 4043 Aluminum”, 2026 21st International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference.
  • “Metal Extrusion Additive Manufacturing,” MSEE Annual Technical Review, 2025 & 2026
  • “Ultrawide Property Range Thiol-Ene Photopolymers for 3D Printing,” DOM/WSE Research Retreat and Poster Session (JHU), 2025
  • “A Polymeric 3D Printing Material System Exhibiting an Extensive Range of Mechanical Properties,” MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit, 2024

Selected Awards

  • Richard D. Hickman Fellowship, JHU, 2025
  • Joseph Meyerhoff Fellowship, JHU, 2023
  • MechE MS Summer Research Fellowship, CMU, 2022
  • Outstanding Graduate of Shanghai (<5%), SJTU, 2021
  • Outstanding Teaching Assistant Award, SJTU, 2021

Teaching

  • Teaching Assistant: Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence for Engineers, Numerical Methods, CMU
  • Volunteer Teacher: Gelfand Outreach Fall Saturday Series, “Engineering Materials for Soft Robotics,” CMU
  • Teaching Assistant: Modeling, Analysis and Control of Dynamic Systems, Introduction to Dynamics and Vibrations, Branding and Brand Management, SJTU
  • Volunteer Teacher: English and math for grade 2–6 students, Haikou Central Elementary School, Eryuan, China

Mentoring

  • Mentored 4 undergrad students and 2 master’s students for research credits or internship.

Areas of Expertise

Experimental

  • Synthesis of 3D-printing polymers (especially thiol-ene systems) and liquid metals
  • Material characterization:
    • Differential scanning calorimetry
    • Dynamic mechanical analysis
    • Thermogravimetric analysis
    • Nanoindentation
    • Scanning electron microscopy & energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
    • Micro-computed tomography
    • Rheometry
    • Material testing (Instron, MTS)
  • Fabrication:
    • 3D printing — direct ink writing (Aerotech, Hyrel, Voltera) and vat photopolymerization (Phrozen, Prusa, Formlabs, Objet)
    • Soft lithography, manual fabrication

Computational

  • Geometry processing: path planning and slicing algorithms, thermal simulation for 3D printing
  • Deep learning: PyTorch
  • CAD/CAM/FEA: SOLIDWORKS, COMSOL, ANSYS, EAGLE
  • Programming: Python, MATLAB, C/C++

Curriculum Vitae